Beckmann-Thermometer

Cyclopropenium ion catalysed Beckmann rearrangement.

1-Chloro-2,3-diphenylcyclopropenium ion was found to be a very efficient organocatalyst (3 mol% loading) for liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement of various ketoximes to the corresponding amides/lactams within 2 h in acetonitrile at reflux temperature. This is the first example of the application of the cyclopropenium ion as a catalyst, which opens up a new aspect of the synthetic utility of aro...

Fresnel Correction of the Beckmann Model

In this paper we suggest a modification to the Beckmann-Kirchhoff model of rough surface reflectance that can be used for surfaces of intermediate roughness. One of the problems with the existing Beckmann model is that it fails for large angles of incidence. This problem was overcome for rough surfaces by Vernold and Harvey who use a Lambertian form factor. Here we take this work one step furth...

Comparing Variants of the Beckmann Model

Abstract Recent work has shown how the Fresnel coefficient can be used to improve the predictions of the Beckmann-Kirchhoff (BK) model for moderatelyrough surfaces. This paper aims to compare the predictions of a number of alternative models including those of Lafortune et al. (LFTG) and Oren-Nayar (ON) against the BRDF measurements from the CUReT database. Excluding the specular reflectance co...

An Imaging Radiation Thermometer

For many years radiation thermometers have been used to make non-contact temperature measurements of hot objects, particularly in industrial situations such as reformer furnaces, steel reheat furnaces, and ceramics kilns. They occupy an important niche in temperature measurement since any other type of thermometer would have very slim chances of surviving in these and other such hostile environ...

An improved tele-thermometer.